"Safe Metamorphosis!!"

This book is Otis Mensah's debut collection, which I've just re-read (that link goes back to my original post from first reading) to see if it still slaps, and it does. One notable change in the intervening years is that my copy is of his self-published first edition, which is no longer available anywhere, but the book has since been properly formally published (available here) in a new expanded version, which presumably means if you buy a copy of the newer edition it'll potentially have new stuff in it & so will almost certainly slap even harder.

&

This book is Jonathan Kinsman's debut poetry pamphlet - this was a re-read (check out the link at the start of this for my original post about it*) to see if it still rocks, and it roundedly soundedly does.

* The only thing I would necessarily add to that original post is that Kinsman is no longer the host of the Guerrilla spoken word night, I am, having been handed the baton at the start of 2019, but regular readers of this blog (who am I kidding) will already know that.

Jesus the Son of Man

This book by Kahlil Gibran was an absolute treat. Having re-read his most famous work last night, I became curious about his other stuff and found this for 73p on Kindle, so immediately bumped it to the top of my to-read list - and I have not been disappointed.

   It's difficult to decide whether to classify this as poetry or short stories given the style & nature of the content. Basically what the book is constituted of is several dozen vignettes of various people's reactions to, recollections of, and reflections on Jesus of Nazareth; these range from his disciples (eg. James & John, Matthew, Peter, Thomas, Mary Magdalene gets three separate chapters alone) to his erstwhile foes (most notably the high priests Annas & Caiaphas, and Pontius Pilate) to random strangers (eg. a Persian philosopher, a Babylonian astronomer, a Greek poet, and my personal favourite "Ahaz the portly").* The attitudes presented range from worshipful awe to confusion to hostility - there is even one interestingly neutral perspective. Gibran seeks to tread the known and possible ground of the biblically-orthodox Jesus faithfully, making no theological points but as a work of socio-historical imagination driving home the pressing question - "how would you have related to him?"**

   A very readable, vibrant & faithful book. Highly recommended for those curious about what we can say or imagine about Jesus without resorting to outright fancy, be they Christian like Kahlil Gibran was or not.

* A couple of lacunae I would have liked to have seen filled would be Pharisees and the beneficiaries of his miracles, lepers & cripples & demoniacs etc, but I suppose you can't have everything, and admittedly Gibran is already doing a great deal here.

** Indeed, the final chapter, "a man from Lebanon [nineteen centuries later]" is Gibran's own reflections on meeting Jesus himself through the life of faith.

the Prophet

This book is the most famous work by Kahlil Gibran - I've read it for this blog before, hence the shortness of this post: that link goes back to my original post about it as I don't really have anything to add to what I said there* so go read that if you want to know about this brilliantly-wise & beautifully-written poetic work.

* Except one thing - the edition I read last time was a stolen Everyman hardback which since, in somewhat neat circularity, has been stolen from me (well, I lent it to someone, I forget who, but they kept it) so this time was reading my replacement, a fairly unattractively-formatted paperback with Gibran's own artwork interspersed with the sections, though I'll admit this didn't add much to the reading experience. I'd be interested to see his artwork in person, mind, as I'm sure it's a lot more impressive when it's not an A5 black&white copy.

What is Enlightenment?

This essay by Immanuel Kant, written in 1784 at the height of the Enlightenment, is the most famous answer provided to Zöllner's open question of what was going on. It's very short (seven pages, six if you don't care about footnotes) and can be summed up with its opening quote - "Enlightenment is mankind’s exit from its self-incurred immaturity," said immaturity being the inability to use one's own reason to move meaningfully through the world without the guidance of others.* Such an exit occurs when people are granted intellectual & spiritual freedom, though Kant also brings this into dialogue with obedience to the law, making the somewhat perplexing point that "a lesser degree of civil freedom... creates the room for spiritual freedom to spread to its full capacity." Historically this is a very influential essay, and certainly roundedly answers its title question, but if you're genuinely interested in seeing the answer unpacked I would instead recommend you read Fichte's The Vocation of the Scholar, which treads very similar ground but with much more useful & insightful depth.

* Concerningly I think there is a good case to be made that as of the 2020s we are entering a period of disenlightenment, in which independent "mature" thinking persons are increasingly outsourcing their own critical reasoning skills to the likes of ChatGPT... but that's a whole 'nother thing I won't pick apart thoroughly here.

the Monsters and the Critics

This essay (available for free online from that link) by J.R.R. Tolkien* is arguably the landmark work in scholarship on Beowulf, the most famous surviving example of Old English poetic diction and potentially fragment of insight into pre-Christian English mythology. As such, it has been poked & picked at by academics for centuries, digging for clues into this large blank space in our historical memory - but, argues the Professor, in doing so, we have neglected, to our loss, to consider how to & why should we approach & appreciate Beowulf as what it is - a poem, to be enjoyed. I won't provide a summary of his arguments here or give much reflection on it as everything I would be likely to say has been articulated excellently by Gavin the medievalist on YouTube, so check that out - but if you're interested in seeing how Tolkien's mind worked on an academic** rather than creative level, this essay is essential reading; if you're interested in Old English culture and literature & somehow haven't read this essay where the heck have you been - and in any case it will certainly give you much food for thought in how we are to understand (and enjoy!) texts from distant times. For an academic essay it's incredibly readable*** and rather short (I finished the whole thing in a ninety-minute sitting) so go have a look.

* People remember him for his hobby, which was writing his own mythology, but often fail to remember him for his job, which was teaching about the history of language and literature - his essay on fairy-stories is another great example of his powerful scholarship, and is just as readable as this one.

** The appendix is much more linguistics-focused and digs into technical specifics rather than more readably making a broader argument, but I loved them for the depth of rigour Tolkien showed in his passion for the scholarship.

*** Not surprising for a writer of Tolkien's calibre: I particularly loved his early allegory (and yes, while he cordially disliked the form didn't mean he couldn't write a damn good one when called to) of the man who built a tower out of old stones.

the Birth of Nothing

This book is a dystopian novel by Pavel Marek, and was far more intensively full of thought-provoking ideas & discourse than I was prepared for it to be. We follow Casimir, a young man whose dissatisfaction with the approaching-perfect world around him manifests in something of a rebellious streak. But is there any need for his dissent? I don't want to give away much about the plot - but the book elusively & definitively resists answering that question: Casimir's feelings about the world & the new revolutionary structures of the world itself play in a brilliant complex dialogue that raises some incredibly interesting & unique questions about freedom, equality, tolerance, well-being, and more. Anyone interested in political perfectionism & what this can look or feel like will get a lot out of this novel, I guarantee.

Project Öcalan

This (available on my Google Drive from that link) is my Masters dissertation on Kurdistan; I decided to give it a re-read given recent events in Iran. Some day, when there's more to say & I regain access to academic libraries & journals, I'd like to be able to update & expand it, but for now I still think it holds up as a portrait of a highly-complex geopolitical issue.

Let Them Eat Chaos

This book by Kae Tempest is a masterful work of commentary poetry, and I would highly recommend reading it aloud to yourself if you can as it was written to be performed as live spoken word. The above link goes back to my post about this from the first time I read it as I don't really have anything to add.

Howl, Kaddish & other poems

This book by Allen Ginsberg is one I've read before on this blog, hence the link going back to the first post about it as I really don't have anything to add. I read it with a bottle of wine & treated myself to doing the especially good bits aloud, a diversion I can highly recommend.

Poetic Diction

This book by Owen Barfield* is one I've read before but I didn't do a very nice job at the post last time round so I promise to be a bit more helpful on this go. It's a theory of meaning, blending philology, linguistics, cultural history, the evolution of poetic form, psychology, philosophy &etc to sketch a broad & deep body of theory into how poetic diction, thereby poetry, thereby meaning, thereby knowledge - function. Its contents are, in brief, as follows:

• the original preface from the 1927 first edition & a second, much meatier, one from the 1951 second edition
• chapters proper:
1. defining "poetic diction" with a few examples
2. the aesthetic effects of poetry
3. metaphor
4. meaning & myth
5. language & poetry
6. the poet as individual
7. the making of meaning
8. verse & prose
9. archaism
10. strangeness
11. concluding remarks
• four appendices: on the aesthetics of nature; on the philosophical difficulties of establishing & using concrete definitions; on "accidental" metaphors; & on the unhelpfulness of the objective/subjective distinction
• an afterword from 1972 which is basically just acknowledging intellectual debts to various other thinkers

   I found this book even more insightful & revelatory than I did on first reading.** It does for poetics what Wittgenstein's Tractatus did for logic; and since logic is by nature devoid of actual meaning, only being able to establish logical relations between propositions, it is a much more fruitful book in every way. Barfield was a thinker of immense depth, breadth, scope & sensitivity, & in my opinion he deserves to be far more widely known & read. If you're interested in the philosophy of meaning in a grounded & pragmatic way, this will be an exhilarating synthesis of ideas; if you're more interested in a theory of poetry that will help you in your own artistic understanding & endeavour, you will not be disappointed either - probably not directly inspired, but certainly better-equipped. Highly recommended little book. The chief prompt for me re-reading it was that I'm running a poetry writing workshop for my church on Sunday, and while this is largely too academic & big-picture to be of much practical help for that, I certainly found it thoroughly fecund & fertile as a guiding text.

* One of the Inklings - the casual but serious gang of Oxford literary professors who would go for pints (in a pub called The Eagle & Child; it's still there, I've been, it's nice. Quiet & cozy. The dudes have a demure but noticeable little plaque in their memory) & chat about ideas & their work. The gang notably also included J.R.R. Tolkien & C.S. Lewis, both of whom were in not-small part inspired by Barfield's profound thinking around language.

** To be fair I was in the run-up to a psychotic break at the time, which I didn't know, obviously, but it was significantly colouring my apprehension of everything I was experiencing, including reading. One quibble from my previous post from that time that I will repeat is that it's rather irritating that the myriad quotes in Latin, Greek & French are, with one exception, left untranslated, even in the footnotes, which makes sense for an academic philological text's intended audience but feels a tad obscurantist as a general reader.

the Cross of Christ

This book is John Stott's magnum opus, diving deep into the titular heart of the Christian faith. It is rigorous but accessible, profound but familiar, consistently biblically-grounded & full of pastoral application. Highly recommended reading for any Christian who wants to more expansively understand the wonderful divine mystery of Christ's substitutionary death for us and what it means. I've been reading through it ten or so pages at a time with my dad, which has led to some incredibly helpfully-edifying & spiritually-provocative conversations, so I would  highly recommend doing something similar to get the most out of this chonky tome - indeed, the edition I've linked here includes a study guide at the back, which we didn't use, but I imagine would be greatly fruitful.

the Vocation of the Scholar

This book [available from that link online for free] by Enlightenment-era German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte* is a rigorous examination of its title theme, as presented in a series of five lectures. They proceed as follows:

1. the vocation of man - in a general sense, being the harmonisation of the Ego so that it can intellectually & sensibly apprehend things in the world & also promote their harmonisation.
2. the vocation of man in society - expanding on the first lecture in application to the reality that all Ego finds itself in world where other free & rational beings exist: this being society, which through coordination of diversity & resultant cooperation leads us to mutual perfection.
3. the distinction of classes in society - a relatively convoluted attempt to discern the cause of social inequalities between free rational beings, followed by a moral exhortation that overcoming such is the chief end of society.**
4. the vocation of the scholar - a specific examination of the unique vocation of scholarship in promoting the cultural unity & moral perfection of humankind through progressive development & communication of knowledge in pursuit of truth.
5. I didn't read this one as it's a commentary on works by Rousseau which I have no familiarity with.

   I found Fichte remarkably easy to read, many thanks to the translator - and overall this is a very stimulating & edifying book urging anyone engaged in the human vocation of scholarship to take seriously the responsibilities of their intellectual activity. Worth checking out if that sounds interesting to you, it's pretty short.

* He wins the prize for Most German Name of Enlightenment philosophers I have yet read.

** Karl Marx read Fichte, & it shows.

Imagination Manifesto

This book is a collaboration between theologian Ted Turnau & artist Ruth Naomi Floyd; it is a call for Christian creatives to plant "oases of imagination", spaces where those both creative & not can meet & share inspiration. It is a very practical book in many ways, with excellent chapters on how Christian artists must eschew & transcend the temptations to engage in culture wars or retreat into subcultural bubbles; supplemented by more theoretical chapters, such as on the nature of the imagination, or the role of the artist in bearing witness to the brokenness of the world. I found it a very inspiring read & I would like to quietly slip it onto the shelf of every Christian in a pastoral leadership position to help them see the vital value in better supporting the creatives under their care.

Seeing Beauty & Saying Beautifully

This book by John Piper is an exploration of how poetic effort can be utilized in devotion to God; as evangelism, as exhortation, as edification, etc. Drawing on the lives & work of three great Christian communicators (each of whom is afforded a relevant-facts-only potted biography to place their works into their proper contexts, alongside a rough examination of the linguistic arts each employed in their vocation), Piper develops a cogent & compelling discourse on how "putting things into your own words" is a mighty fine tool in the finite individual's spiritual formation & missional impact.

   The contents proceed as follows:

1. a brief introduction theologically justifying the poetic use of language by Christians in the communication of their faith, hope, & love - despite the common assertions in the New Testament that "lofty speech" is NOT the way to best present the gospel
2. George Herbert - the 16th-century rural pastor who posthumously became known as one of the greatest devotional writers this world has seen. Herbert's pastoral career responsibilities & magisterial poetic gifting are both given due examination, with his spiritual humility & technical grandeur given similar weight in discussion
3. George Whitefield - the 18th-century trans-Atlantic preacher (with, if we're being honest, a borderline unbelievable virtually superhuman* capacity for bringing to gospel to people far & wide**) whose modes of dramatic eloquent enunciation brought many thousands to Christ & laid the foundations for the Great Awakenings that followed in the years after his tour of America
4. C.S. Lewis - the 20th-century atheist-turned-Anglican who, alongside his career as a scholar of ancient literature, became the foremost apologist for the Christian faith (despite several decidedly heterodox positions that he held compared to most evangelicals of his & our era) via combination of romantic & rationalistic apprehension of Christianity's truth claims; as expressed in both imaginative & logical means
5. a final concluding chapter which briefly restates everything learned from these three great disciples of Christ & challenges us to follow them in their following of & expression of such - we may not all be poets but we all have the capacity for poetic effort, and handedly manifesting such is a tried & true means of deepening our own grasp of the divine just as much as it does communicate such encountered truth to our audiences

   After the concluding section on how each of these very different dudes drew upon the fountain of inspiration that is God*** to make more of their faith, and how each has lessons to teach us about ongoing contemporary ministry in ways fruitful both to writer & reader (or speaker & hearer, as in Whitefield's case) - well, that's the book. I found this a hugely edifying & instructive read as a poet myself, so would highly recommend it to Christians curious about the more daring aspects of expression as a fantastic source of real-life Example in How-To-Do... I dare say even non-Christians who already have a creative bent will find much in here to make them think deeply & feel seenly about Truth.

* Dude preached roughly a thousand sermons a year for thirty years. Which, even given his barely-existent social life outside of itinerant gospel proclamation, must have left him with minimal time for the actual preparation of said sermons - I choose thus to believe that even two centuries before Red Bull was available he must have been largely, especially, winging it.

** An interesting knot of historical biography is that Whitefield was a slave-owner who also dedicated huge amounts of effort in evangelising slaves, who he saw as >potentially< spiritually equal to whites. While there were no doubt abolitionists who pre-dated him, and he was it's fair to say never even one of these, it is also true that he was chiefly mourned by the Blacks in America following his death, given his commitment to & massive success in bringing them the gospel.

*** Having learned much more about George Herbert from this book that I didn't from reading him directly, I do have to confess that I still find William Blake a more compelling Christian voice in poetry's form; were I the staff manager of the Historical Church, yes I may well happily let Herbert write liturgy, and Lewis would have free rein on producing apologetic tracts for non-believers, and obviously Whitefield would be among those on the regular pulpit roster - but it would be Blake's outrageous imagination that I would most like to lead Sunday school.

the Vision of God

This book (available from the Internet Archive from that link for free) by Nicholas of Cusa* is an underrated classic of Christian mysticism. It eschews the argumentative polemic format & instead takes on a kind of prolonged doxology - which fully befits its core theme, the infinity of God. The first half circles around the implications of the ideas that God is omniscient & omnipresent, everywhere & everywhen & thus all-seeing, all-knowing; the theological groundwork discussed here is drawn out in subjective implication for the believer in how they relate to [i.e. can see, can know] God as, being as they are, finite. The second half is dedicated to unpacking the depths of the Christian idea of God as Trinity, and how this relates to philosophical notions of infinitude; followed with unpacking the nest of complexities in how Jesus relates to God as infinite - a hefty task which in my opinion Nicholas undertakes well. While perhaps not as original in content as some of his other works (see the * below) as this is merely expanding on well-trodden ground within Christian thinking, this book still explores some very cogent angles about essentials of orthodox faith & does so in beautiful language; definitely worth a read for any Christian wanting to pick at the scab of ignorance that has formed over the cut in their spiritual skin made by cognizance that we, as finite human sinners, somehow have to relate to an infinite incomprehensible perfect Lord.

* Yeh, what with this after this and that I've been reading a lot of him recently. What can I say? Interesting thinker!

the Lord of the Rings: book five

This book is the second half of The Return of the King, the final instalment of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which as with the rest of the series I've read before (see hence that link going to my prior post about this) but am re-enjoying thanks to dogged YouTuber Tolkien Trash's project to read the series in full, aloud, live, a chapter a week.